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Pompilia (gens)
The ''gens Pompilia'' was a plebeian family at Rome during the time of the Republic. The only member of the ''gens'' to achieve any prominence in the state was Sextus Pompilius, who was tribune of the plebs in 420 BC; however, persons by this name are occasionally found throughout the history of the Republic.〔''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith, Editor.〕
==Origin of the gens==
The most famous bearer of the ''nomen Pompilius'' is Numa Pompilius, the second King of Rome. He was a Sabine living at Cures at the death of Romulus, and according to tradition was chosen to succeed him on account of his wisdom. This tradition may also have been influenced by the early composition of the Roman populace, which according to legend consisted of both Latins and Sabines. The Sabine king Titus Tatius had previously been associated with Romulus in the kingship of Rome, although he died some years before Romulus.〔Titus Livius, ''Ab Urbe Condita'', i. 10-14, 17-21.〕
The Pompilii of the Republic were plebeians, and if they claimed descent from Numa Pompilius, their claim has not survived. Five other gentes, however, did assert such descent; the Aemilii, Pomponii, Calpurnii, and Pinarii claimed to be descended from sons of Numa, while the Marcii were traditionally descended from his daughter.〔''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith, Editor.〕〔Titus Livius, ''Ab Urbe Condita'', i. 20.〕〔Plutarchus, ''Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans'', "Numa", 21.〕〔Herbert A. Grueber, ''Catalogue of Roman Coins in the British Museum (Republic)'' (1910). ii. p. 311, no. 733; p. 361, no. 62.〕
The nomen ''Pompilius'' is itself a patronymic surname based on the Sabine ''praenomen Pompo''. This name was the Oscan equivalent of the Latin praenomen ''Quintus'', meaning "fifth". The Latin equivalent of ''Pompilius'' was ''Quinctilius'', and in fact there was an important family of this name at Rome. The father of Numa Pompilius bore the praenomen ''Pompo'', which itself indicates the origin of the nomen. According to the Pomponii, Numa also had a son named Pompo, who became the ancestor of their gens. As ''Pomponius'' is derived from the same name using another typical Latin formation, it is really a by-form of ''Pompilius''. The two nomina are sometimes confounded with one another, and with Pompeius.〔Michael Grant, ''Roman Myths'' (1971), 123, 139.〕〔''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith, Editor.〕
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